CASE STUDIES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

CASE STUDIES - Essay Example That is, the gestation period of any travel guides including Lonely Planet is an extended one due the need for extensive homework. Because of which, a somewhat, same kind of information or even a better current version is provided by the website. So, this out-datedness in the travel guide will be the issue for a number of customers who use both Internet and the books. So, the solution to reduce revenue losses or operational frictions is to promote each vehicle as different entities, according to the market’s needs. That is, there are still markets where Internet technology have not improved much, in those places travel guides should be promoted. Then, people while traveling will not be able to access Internet any time, for them the travel guides of Lonely Planet will be feasible and so this segment of markets can be targeted With the advent of Internet and wireless technologies, the scope for Lonely Planet to develop has increased, a lot further. That is, like its joint venture with Nokia, in which Lonely Planet provides city guides on mobile phones, it could provide the city guides along with digitized maps to all telecom providers. That is, if it has a joint venture with telecom companies, it can reach more mobiles. As mobiles have become a lifeless extension of hand, which can be carried anywhere including during travel, Lonely Planet could expand its base. Then for the users of Internet, it can introduce features or products like seeing a virtual image of tourist spots like what Google earth is doing. Also, all the previous issues of Lonely Planet’s Travel guide that were published from 1970’s can be digitized and made available as download able files for a fee, because all the new and young readers cannot access the previous issues in book form. So, with this launch of new products th e customer’s concerns about timeliness and currency of information can be looked after. That is, with the use of

Dramatic Irony in Sophocle's Oedipus Rex Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dramatic Irony in Sophocle's Oedipus Rex - Essay Example Sophocles’s dramatic irony is shown in Oedipus’s emotions, building up tension and prefiguring the play’s climax. This paper discusses the use of irony in this play and determines exactly what types of irony he employs and the purpose and effect of his usage. Sophocles’s Dramatic Irony The dramatic irony in Oedipus Rex usually exists in lengthy dialogues. Oedipus always witnesses and views occurrences wrongly, and usually refutes that he has, actually, murdered his own father so that he can be wedded to his mother. This issue is initially evident when he staged the murder of the person who took the life of Laios. He paradoxically labels that person a malevolent killer. According to Bloom (2007), as Oedipus became a Thebes’s citizen following the assassination, he thinks that even though he actually murdered someone, he is excluded as a possible accomplice to Laios’s murder. Thinking that his audience is knowledgeable of the play’s clim ax, Sophocles uses that forethought to build different scenarios where in dramatic, as well as verbal, irony serves major purposes. Nevertheless, mentioning each and every irony in the play would be quite tedious, yet exciting. However, due to the vast abundance of irony in the play this paper only discusses the most noticeable among these ironies. Sophocles, by means of irony, successfully evades the humdrum method of narration; hence, even though the spectators are aware of the outcome of the play they are still excited to know its ironies. When Oedipus, for instance, declares his fury over the killer of King Laius in the play’s preface (Hobson 1993, 725):So will I fight on the gods’ side, And on the side of the slain man! ... But my curse be on the one who did this, whether he is alone Or conceals his share in it with others. Let him be free of no misery if he share my house Or sit at my hearth and I have knowledge of it. On myself may it fall, as I have called it down! When the king declares these angry words he has unknowingly proclaimed his own sins, and to the elation of the people presaged future occurrences. This declaration is a typical illustration of verbal irony. In the above passage, Oedipus is actually denouncing himself, not some murderer as the speech is obviously referring to. Another case in point is his address when he responds to the crowd: â€Å"†¦ Because of all these things I will fight for him as I would my own murdered father (Bloom 2007, 23).† The irony rests in this simple declaration, for Oedipus’s father is the assassinated King Laius himself. Sophocles does not limit the type of irony to the verbal form; he broadens the type of irony in a dramatic form as wel l (Hobson 1993). As stated by Bentley (1970), the whole story may be assumed to be an illustration of this since Oedipus is oblivious of his destiny, although the spectators are highly cognizant that the King will eventually become a pauper. The King is actually aware of the predictions but he is not aware that these prophecies are already happening. As proclaimed by Oedipus, he has effectively showed that the predictions are incorrect, yet the spectators are aware that this is not true. The predictions have become a major element of Oedipus’s existence but he remains unaware of it. In his address to the Thebes’s public he avows that he will begin anew and will improve the standard of their living.

Impact of Bad Communication on the Patient

Impact of Bad Communication on the Patient Patient’s outcomes and the impact of appropriate consultation carried out by an aesthetic nurse. Introduction Aesthetics is one of the fastest growing specialties of medical practice. Aesthetic nurses play a significant role in delivering aesthetic non-surgical treatments. They administer around 70 per cent of all non-surgical treatment. They typically work in a range of roles within the NHS and the private sector. Aesthetic nurses practise in clinical settings. Their roles span a broad range of task including systematic problem solving and the management of patient requirements. Aesthetic nurses play a key role in patient care pathway and are responsible for the provision of the right information about treatment and products, making diagnoses, creating a care plan and ensuring that patients receive the best treatment. Aesthetic nurses are also accountable for evaluation of patient’s treatment outcomes and progress towards achieving well-being and health (Fry et al., 2011). The management of health problems poses several challenges including having the right skills, attitude, expertise and knowledge to manage patient’s needs. Aesthetic nurses need to possess the right knowledge, communicative and ethical skills to minimise the risk of clinical errors. These aspects are crucial to delivering effective and positive outcomes during the management of patient’s needs. The general patient pathway comprises of an assessment that is carried out by the nurse during a consultation. This step is key to the management of patient risk, health and choices. Ineffective assessment and consultation could result in the wrong treatment prescription with the potential emotional, physical and psychological harm of the patient’s health. In this case study, I will apply Gibb’s reflective model (Jasper, 2003) to describe and present how lack of communication and incorrect treatment could lead to patient’s distress caused by the development of adverse effects following an aesthetic treatment. Case description using Gibb’s approach A 35-year-old woman came in to the clinic complaining of painful, irritated skin on both the right and left side of her face and the forehead. In particular, she reported signs of inflammation around the nasal-labial fold and perioral area, and in the buccal and frontal area. She noticed the problem within a day after receiving an aesthetic treatment at the clinic. She underwent a course of dermal filler injections containing Restylene to reduce the signs of lines and wrinkles in the frontal, buccal and nasal-labial areas. Although she was warned, she may experience some soreness and redness the patient was not aware of the type of active substances in her dermal fillers. She also has not been given a range of options of treatment and she did not receive any leaflets about the after care. She was presented with red, swollen and painful skin in particular during smiling or speaking. The patient came in to the clinic three days after her treatment and she was assessed by her aesthetic nurse. The nurse examined her face and prescribed her 1% hydrocortisone cream with the application of three times a day to the patient’s face for the duration of 7 days. Unfortunately, her symptoms worsened within three days of this treatment and the unhappy and distressed patient went to see a doctor. After careful examination and consultation with the doctor, the patient was diagnosed with a skin infection caused by the treatment she had at the aesthetic clinic. The patient’s skin presented with even greater inflammation characterised by pustules and yellow crusts in the area where the dermal filler injections took place. The doctor prescribed the patient a course of antibiotics taken externally as a cream in the form of Bactroban three times daily and Clarithromycin 200 mg 4 times a day. The course of antibiotic treatment lasted 7 days resulting in positive outcomes for the patient. During the patient’s visit to the doctor, I took part in the consultation, ex amination and medical history assessment. I reflected on my practice trying to identify the signs and symptoms that I missed to correctly diagnose this patient. I realised that perhaps I did not understand fully what the patient was feeling and therefore, misdiagnosed the risk of her signs and symptoms. I realised that effective risk assessment is crucial to correct diagnosis and treatment prescription as well as management of quality patient care. What is more, I did not give the patient enough information about the after care and did not ask to pay attention to possible signs of possible adverse effects. Evaluation The case study described above shows an example of negligence in clinical aesthetic practice. It underlies common mistakes health care practitioners make when consulting and prescribing products and treatments. To avoid negative practice it is crucial to identify the cause of the problem, how the symptoms developed and what steps can be taken to avoid the problem. Reflective practice and the right consultation between patients and health care professionals are valuable tools for effective treatment management and provision of high quality care (PMETB, 2008). It is evident that in the case study described above the aesthetic nurse failed to inform the patient about the choice of products and their possible side effects. Today’s patients need to be fully informed about the chemical composition of the products and their effects on their physical health. This is very important especially that today’s health care aims to address patient’s physical, emotional, psychological and well-being needs. As the patient was not presented with options followed by informed instructions, the patient was not able to make the right decision concerning which products she should have chosen. Whilst dermal fillers are not legally regulated and are accepted as harmless (MHRA, 2009), evidence suggests they may lead to health complications (Funt and Pavicic, 2013). For example, intra-arterial dermal filler injection with hyaluronic acid might lead to extensive injury of the tissue and necrosis (Delorenzi, 2014). Other products such as Juvederm Ultra may also lead to local inflammation, formation of nodules, tissue damage, and necrosis and other adverse reactions (Allergan, 2010). Common clinical symptoms following hyaluronic acid injections include skin blanching, delayed refilling of the capillaries, discolouration of the skin, livedo reticularis that might be followed by more adverse symptoms such as formation of blisters and tissues damage (Delorenzi, 2014). Prompt recognition of these signs and symptoms by the aesthetic nurse are the mainstays of effective treatment. The effective treatment at an early stage would involve prescription of hyaluronidase, administration of anti-inflammatories such as oral acetylsalicyclic acid (aspirin) and topical occlusion with nitropaste. Warm compresses and vigorous massage to affected ar ea can also help to minimise stress (Delorezni, 2014). Meticulous technique during the dermal filler injection could prevent the above adverse effects. Therefore, patients should be informed about the types of products and their respective composition and possible adverse reactions. Aesthetic nurse plays a key role in the provision of this information and after care. In particular, patients can be empowered by receiving the right information about the after care and should be alarmed to keep an eye on any possible adverse effects (Cohen, 2008). Early identification of any adverse effects generally results in lower negative health impacts. All nurses should follow the guidelines set out by the Nursing and Midwifery Council as described in Standards for medicine management (NMC, 2011). This highlights that communication between the nurse and the patient is extremely important in minimising risk following aesthetic treatments as well as provision of high quality patient care and lawful practice. Analysis This case study highlights an example of aesthetic nurse negligence, where firstly, she failed to inform the patient about the possible consequences of the products and treatment she had, secondly, she did not provide the right after care and thirdly, failed to diagnose her symptoms correctly after the treatment. She misdiagnosed patient’s symptoms as an inflammatory reaction rather than infection and therefore, prescribed the wrong treatment of 1% hydrocortisone cream to treat the symptoms. The nurse failed to carry out a correct assessment and examination and failed to address the health symptoms adequately according to the guidelines developed by National Prescribing Centre (Courtney and Griffiths, 2010). The guidelines follow principles of good practice recommending considerations for the patient including a thorough medical examination, choice of appropriate treatment, and prescription of correct drugs for the respective symptoms. 1 % hydrocortisone cream was inadequately prescribed because it is not the right treatment to alleviate symptoms of infection. What is more, its immunosuppressing properties could worsen the symptoms and increase the predisposition to infection (JFC, 2011). The right treatment should have been prescription of antibiotics according to the guidelines for the treatment of skin infections set out by the British Association of Dermatologists (BAD, 2008). The treatment of a topical cream in the form of Bactroban three times daily and Clarithromycin 200 mg 4 times a day was confirmed by the doctor at a later stage and resulted in improved outcomes for the patient’s symptoms. If the symptoms were identified and diagnoses at an earlier stage, the patient could have been just treated with the topical form of antibiotics. However, due to the advanced form of inflammation oral administration of antibiotics was also prescribed. Effective consultation and accurate diagnosis by the aesthetic nurse could have prevented unnecessary distress to the patient. A meticulous technique used by the aesthetic clinician during dermal filler injections could have prevented development of the adverse effects all together. Conclusion and action plan The rapidly growing range of non-surgical treatments and products including dermal fillers for the use in aesthetic soft tissue augmentation has benefits to both patients and physicians, but as indicated in this case study, as the number of products grows, the number of complications is also likely to expand. There are a number of steps that can be taken to avoid errors in aesthetic nursing practice. Communication at the right time with the patient as well as written advice may help empower patinet’s choices over the types of products and treatments that are most suitable to them. Today, patients have access to information through the means of internet and expect to be well informed about all possible complications associated with the use of aesthetic products. It is the role of the nurse to make sure patients have the right information at the right time. The information about the side effects and adverse reactions of the aesthetic products is available on many of the pharmace utical companies’ websites. Companies such as Allergan, Merz and Galderma usually provide detailed protocols and guidelines to practitioners about their products. They even provide templates for taking demographic and medical history notes, treatment guidelines, and flyers containing all the information patient needs to know about pre and post-care and possible adverse reactions. It is recommended that aesthetic centres develop their own standards of care so that their patients can be informed well. The above strategies can be easily deployed to minimise the incidence and impact of complications associated with dermal filler injections. Knowledge about the products and potential adverse effects and their risk management will enhance the use of the products and influence good aesthetic nursing practice. For optimum outcomes, aesthetic clinical practitioners should have good knowledge of the anatomy of facial structures; the prospective characteristics of the wide range of derm al fillers; their implications, contraindications, beneficial effects and setbacks; and strategies to prevent and avoid possible complications. Continuing professional development is a good way to keep up-to-date with the latest scientific findings and allows engagement with other professionals in the field to develop optimum treatment options and management. Poor practice should always be reported to ensure best outcomes for the patients in the future (NMC, 2011). Overall, quality care that patients receive depends on accurate diagnosis and prescription of drugs and treatment that involves communication skills, compassion, and care from healthcare professionals as well as knowledge, experience and expertise that is necessary to make correct diagnoses. Effective management of patient clinical risk and learning from reflective practice leads to the provision of high quality care to patients at the right time in the right place and satisfied patients. References Allergan (2010). Juvederm Ultra 4. Summary of Product Characteristics. Pringy: Allergan. Cohen, J., L., (2008) Understanding, avoiding, and managing dermal filler complications. Dermatol Surg. 34 Suppl 1:S92-9. . Courtney, M., Griffiths, M., (2010) Independent and supplementary prescribing. An essential Guide. 2nd Ed. Cambrdige. Cambridge University Press. Delorenzi, C., (2014) Complications of injectable fillers, part 2: vascular complications. Aesthet Surg J. 4(4):584-600. Fry, S., T., Veatch, R., M., Taylor, C., R., (2011) Case Studies in Nursing Ethics, Jones and Bartlett Learning, 4th Ed. Funt, D., Pavicic, T., (2013) Dermal fillers in aesthetics: an overview of adverse events and treatment approaches. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 12;6:295-316. Jasper, M., (2003). Beginning Reflective Practice. Cheltenham. Nelson Thornes. Joint Formulary Committee (2011). British National Formulary 61. London. British Medical Journal Group and Pharmaceutical Press. Medicines and Healthcare product regulatory agency (MHPRA) (2009). Borderlines with Medical Devices. London. MHRA. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2011) Remote prescribing and injectable cosmetic medicinal products. London, NMC. Postgraduate Medical Education and Training Board (PMETB), (2008), Patient’s role in healthcare. The future relationship between patient and doctor. General Medical Council.

Comparing the Reigns of Julian and Constantius Essay -- Ancient Civil

For a ruler to be successful, certain characteristics must be present in that specific person. There are many variances to the cookie-cut emperor, though they all share similar passions. For instance, while one ruler emphasizes trade routes and commercial power for expansion of their legion, another may emphasize war and destruction only to rebuild their own version of their legion in the place that had been won. Although both rulers have very different manners and ideas about how to expand their empire, both have the same wish to be fulfilled. This kind of contradiction of power and reason is very implemented into the storyline of Julian. Between Julian and Constantius, they both attempt to reform the state religion, but are at polar opposite ends in regards to what they believe in. Although both are somewhat successful during their turn as emperor, both have very distinct ways of unraveling one another's achievements. Beginning with Constantius, his rule is the foundation to the success of Christianity. By making various changes to the structure of rule and deliberate attacks on those who opposed him, the rise of Christianity as the state religion of Rome came into light. One of Constantius' very prominent strategies involved that of eliminating those who showed signs of threatening his authority. Amongst those in elimination, Julian's father, and eventually Julian's brother [who he technically did not have a close relationship with] [pp 16]. Not only did Constantious strike fear in the hearts of his people, but he also implemented bishops and those who held an office like such, into the core of the government. Constantius granted them power and luxuries that would further promote the Christian faith so the image o... ...mpire became a Christian state. Probably due to the lack of force Julian used, there left open spaces for fear to be set in by another ruler more like that of Constantius. Though a valiant effort to restore the old Roman Empire was made, the imminent fate of the empire soon takes hold after Julian's death. Works Cited Vidal, Gore. Julian. Boston: Little Brown, 1964. Print. Cook, Jeremy. "Review of "Julian" by Gore Vidal." We Are Amused. N.p., 28 Mar 2011. Web. 04 Apr 2012. . tristaprez, . "Julian- Gore Vidal Christianity vs. Paganism." Hubpages. N.p., 10 Aug 2006. Web. 01 Apr 2012. . Author Unknown. "Julian | Summary." BookRags. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Apr 2012. .

An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge Essay

â€Å"As he is about to clasp her he feels a stunning blow upon the back of the neck; a blinding white light blazes all around him with a sound like the shock of a cannon—then all is darkness and silence†. Ambrose Bierce has a unique way of captivating reader’s attention and it is perfectly shown in his short story â€Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge†. The story tells about a man in southern Alabama during the Civil War, which is about to be hanged by a group of Union soldiers. This man to be hanged is identified as a gentleman named Peyton Farquhar who attempted to destroy the Owl Creek Bridge, the same one they are standing on. Suddenly, the rope snaps and he falls into the river where he somehow manages to swim ashore in order to escape from the Union soldiers. As he pulls himself ashore, he now starts the long journey home. After walking all day and night without feeling â€Å"the roadway beneath his feet† he arrives home and as he is about to hug his wife, he feels a strong pain in his neck and hears a loud noise. Farquhar was now dead by hanging, and all of his escape was just a dream of his. It is set in the Owl Creek Bridge in Alabama where Peyton Farquhar is about to be hanged early in the morning. The whole story happens just in one day, even though the author mentions flashbacks of Peyton’s past. On one side of the creek there is forest and on the other is a group of Union Soldiers. There is a cannon hiding in a line of trees and the soldiers are preparing to execute Farquhar with a rope around his neck. There is only one main character in the story and three secondary characters. Peyton Farquhar is a plantation owner who comes from a wealthy family from the south. However he is a strong supporter of the Southern cause. He is arrested and is to be hanged by the Union soldiers because he attempted to destroy Owl Creek Bridge so that the Union soldiers wouldn’t pass by his hometown. There is also Mrs. Farquhar, Peyton’s wife who was a small but significant role in the story. She is the one who alerts Peyton of the arrival of the Union soldiers to their town. The groups of Union soldiers include executioners, a Lieutenant who gives the final orders; there are sentinels, officers and also soldiers along the shore. There is also a Union Scout, which is mentioned in one of Farquhar’s flashback, who is a soldier that rides onto Farquhar’s plantation asking for a glass of water wearing Confederate gray. He later on turns out to be the one who warns the Union soldiers about Farquhar’s plan to burn down Owl Creek Bridge. The story is divided in three parts. None of them are written in first person. Most of the story is told in a third person point of view. The storyteller can observe events but cannot enter the mind of ant character and cannot change ant of his or her thoughts. However in some parts of the story, the narration changes to omniscient third person point of view. We know this because the author takes the reader inside Farquhar’s mind to show how his mind interprets reality. When it comes to talking about the theme, Peyton Farquhar denies reality. He avoids it. This is why he enters into the delusional state of mind. While being hanged he dreams that he escapes after the weight of he’s body breaks the rope and he swims to safety, and long after he returns to his home. Even though this dream lasts only seconds, in Farquhar’s mind it lasts the whole day. This could be a way of the author to say that Farquhar refuses to accept the reality that is going on during the civil war, where even gentlemen like him who support the Southern cause can be victims of what the barbarous Union soldiers can do. The story was published in 1891 right after the civil war in the United States of America. Bierce tries to express how the cruelty took place during the years of the Civil war, how slaves were treated and condemned. By Farquhar’s character Bierce expresses how anybody who opposed the Union to support the Southern cause was seen as a rebellious person no matter his social position. There is a controversy between critics when it comes to categorizing this short story into a literary form. Some critics say that the story is a narration: it has a beginning, a middle and an end. However some critics believe that because of the ending, the story is more of a thriller, suspense or even mystery. Bierce uses a unique way to shift from different tones during the story. He changes from an authorial realistic voice, to a fantastic tone in order to immerse into Farquhar’s mind. â€Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge† is a very interesting story with a surprising twist. Ambrose Bierce uses many different techniques to show the reader how brutal and savage the Civil war was like and how people was treated. This short story changed the American culture.

The Most Interesting Dream I’Ve Ever Had

THE MOST INTERESTING DREAM I'VE EVER HAD How many times did you ever dream of something so amazing that it's painful for you to wake up? How many times have your dreams surpassed your reality? when our eyelids are heavy and midnight hush falls upon us, we never know what corners of our life and or dream will drift off to, I usually remember my dreams vividly; Sometimes they are totally waked out.My dreams often take place in an alternate reality in which I'm the only constant and every one else is unfamiliar but often I'm able to make into some meanings behind them. A while ago I experienced which might just prove to be THE MOST INTERESTING DREAM I'VE EVER HAD, I dreamed that I was in my car we where going to the home; in our way I saw a poor old lady†¦ well she was begging for money. I don't know why I jumped of the car, pulled her to the see and tried to drown her, but she survived.When I got off the sea, I saw cameras' all around me†¦ and an interviewer man coming toward s me, he was asking me â€Å"HOW DID YOU DO IT? â€Å", and I was like â€Å"DO WHAT? † the only thing I remember is that they where so proud of me! After a while, I saw the same poor, old lady that I've tried to drown coming towards me holding a knife, I thought to my self â€Å"I'M GONNA DIE† . As she came closer†¦ I just move one step backward until she reached me and was going to kill me! but then two bodyguards came and stopped her.First I didn't know why they stopped her but then I discovered that I was paid million of Dollars because I've tried to drown that lady! I was so happy when I knew that†¦ I was so excited ! but then I woke up and knew it was just a dream! it was the most interesting dream I've ever had because it's like doing something bad and getting a prize for it. This moment probably ensured a few seconds as it flashed through the neutrons of my brain, but the memory of it may last for a life time !

Is abortion protected by the Constitution essays

Is abortion protected by the Constitution essays If one were to read the U.S. Constitution in its entirety and then be asked if abortion was protected by the Constitution with no prior knowledge or influence concerning the issue, it is my feeling that the majority would answer no. However the Constitution is so broad in its language, as was intended, that from time to time it becomes the duty of the U.S. Supreme Court to interpret it in order to meet the standards or today, hence making their decision the law of the land. However it should also be noted that none of the Justices on the Court were the authors, knew the authors, nor knew their intent as it would apply to todays society. In Roe v. Wade it was decided that women had a right to privacy and as such had the right to choose to have an abortion. While this is not specifically stated in the Constitution it was interpreted to be such through the fourteenth amendments guarantee of liberty and due process clause. However the Court also decided that the State had an interest in the fetus in the second trimester and even more so in the third (viability). In this case, planned parenthood v. casey, the right of the State was questioned on the basis of whether they could implement guidelines/rules prior to having an abortion, such as notifying a parent, or the husband if married, etc. The Courts decision in this case was that the trimester approach of viability wasnt practical and the State could set guidelines/rules prior to abortion in order to promote potential life as long as it did not create an obstacle in (undue burden) getting an abortion if the woman so chooses. While the above is all fine and dandy it still, in my opinion, does not answer the question on whether abortion is protected by the Constitution. Obviously any ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court becomes the law of the land and as such within the realm of the Constitution, or as most would say Constitutional. I am very torn on this issue as whil...

The eNotes Blog The Western Flyer Steinbecks Boat Flying ThroughTime

The Western Flyer Steinbecks Boat Flying ThroughTime The compass simply represents the ideal, present but unachievable, and sight-steering a compromise with perfection which allows your boat to exist at all. - The Log from the Sea of Cortez In Port Townsend- a charming, coastal town nestled in  the northeastern end of the Olympic Peninsula- a piece of literary and biological history is being remastered and preserved. The Western Flyer, a 77-foot fishing boat built in 1937, sits docked at  Port Townsend Shipwrights Co-op as it undergoes  restoration. In 1940, author John Steinbeck  set sail on The Western Flyer for a six-week trip on the Sea of Cortez with,  friend and famous marine biologist, Ed Ricketts. Steinbeck had just finished writing  The Grapes of Wrath and (presumably needing to blow off some dusty melancholy) departed with Ricketts, a small number of crewmen, and his wife, Carol, for a leisurely voyage. This trip resulted in Steinbecks acclaimed book  The Log from the Sea of Cortez, a combination of their shared expeditions journals and Ricketts species catalog.  Because of this voyage,  The Western Flyer is referred to as the most famous fishing vessel ever to have sailed. The Log  is also regarded as one of Steinbecks  most important non-fiction works due to Ricketts influence.  Ricketts helped shape  Steinbecks thinking, providing  a prototype for many of Steinbecks  pivotal literary characters and, thus, some  of the most important characters in American literature. The Flyer is now embarking on a three-year restoration project overseen by the Port Townsend Co-op. Its commissioned by  John Gregg, a scientist  from Southern California, whose life was changed when he picked up Sea of Cortez: A Leisurely Journal of Travel and Research (the predecessor of The Log)  in a bookmobile at age ten. Gregg hopes to restore The Flyer to its original glory- complete with modern updates and a high-tech learning environment for students. With our Seattle HQ located just 2.5 hours from Port Townsend, I was lucky enough to set up a tour of the boat (on the eve of Steinbecks birthday, no less!) to  learn more about the project. I met with  Chris Chase, overseer of  the restoration, and, after our chat, it became apparent that the boat represents not just a famous fishing or sailing voyage, but a voyage through time itself. The boat has become a victim of our changing world, Chris said as he explained  the ongoing  struggle of obtaining proper materials for restoration.  Finding lumber has been the hardest aspect of  the project: because of the U.S.s astronomical prices and scarce supply, theyre forced to import wood from France for the appropriate fit (and right price). Back in 1937, when The Flyer was first built, all of the boats components were acquired  locally thanks to the Pacific Northwests abundance of the necessary raw materials. Chris and his team of  experts  are still able to economically source  what they need, but he admits,  everything that made this boat its hard to replicate now. Its now an art, not a skill. Its been lost. Resources and specialty craftsmanship arent the only things The Flyer has seen come and go. Since its birth 80 years ago, the boat has witnessed firsthand the depletion of marine life and clean-water sources. And though the world that The Flyer lives in now may seem a bit bleaker than that of its youth, it remains steadfastly resilient. The Flyer has a spirit that lives on, Chris said, smiling. He then told me  about how itd sunk four(!) times- three of them reaching the bottom of the sea. Shes just kind of shrugged it off, he said. As they work to restore The Flyer, theyre careful to do her justice and pay homage to her tangible spirit. This  spirit was  indeed  captured by Steinbeck; he had a kinship with  boats  and wrote of The Flyer  as  an actual character in his writings. His affinity for boats  extended into his other works, shown in this excerpt from The Pearl:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"This was an evil beyond thinking. The killing of a man was not so evil as the killing of a boat. For a boat does not have sons, and a boat cannot protect itself, and a wounded boat does not heal.† As with  a character  in a novel,  we observe The Flyers  character arc- an arc of  resiliency, survival, and renewal. While the initial restorations goal will be  to re-tread  the path of the Sea of Cortez,  The Flyers ultimate destination will then be a sort of floating classroom:  a place for marine biology and ecology students with, what are  planned to be, impressive learning tools.  Students and scientists alike will be able to get up close and personal with the marine life of the Pacific Northwest aboard this historic vessel. Perhaps the very answers we seek to the environmental obstacles we face will be solved right in The Western Flyers belly. In the meantime, well await the next few  years as Chris and his team works vigorously on this exciting adventure. Its a pretty amazing project, Chris told me at the end of my tour. I agree, and I think Ricketts and Steinbeck would, too. Follow The Western Flyers progress at the Western Flyer Foundations website.

Dont Trust the Microsoft Word Thesaurus! - Proofread My Paper

Dont Trust the Microsoft Word Thesaurus! - Proofread My Paper Dont Trust the Microsoft Word Thesaurus! A common problem many of our customers have is that they use the same word again and again throughout their work. If English is not your first language, you might find it difficult to think of synonyms (alternative words) for common words like because or says. The natural reaction is to use the inbuilt thesaurus in Microsoft Word. However, there are some problems with this, as well now explain Thesaurus Problems The main issue with using the inbuilt thesaurus is that most English words have more than one meaning. Thus, if you search for an alternative to a word, the thesaurus might suggest a word with a completely different meaning. As an example, take the word run. Its a simple word, but it has tons of meanings! If we wanted to change the word run in the following sentence: I take my dog Boris for a run in the park every day We could use MS Words thesaurus. However, the synonyms it suggests are not all appropriate. The first it gives is course: I take my dog Boris for a course in the park every day But this is based on the definition of run as a journey or route. It also suggests enclosure, but this would only make sense if we were describing a chicken run. Shakespeare in Synonyms As a further example, here is what Shakespeares sonnet Shall I Compare Thee to a Summers Day would look like if we replaced the key words with synonyms from Microsoft Words thesaurus: Shall I equate thee to a solstices date? Thou art more good-looking and more comfortable. Bumpy winds do shake the darling outgrowths of May, And summer’s tenancy hath all too squat a date. Sometime too boiling the watch of dreamland shines, And habitually is his gold tone reduced; And every fair from fair sometime falloffs, By coincidental, or nature’s changing possibility, untrimmed; But thy infinite season shall not diminish, Nor lose custody of that dispassionate thou ow’st, Nor shall expiry brag thou wand’rest in his blind, When in eternal shapes to spell thou grow’st. So long as men can puff, or discriminations can get, So long resides this, and this bequeaths existence to thee. Not quite so impressive, right? But what can you do if you are unsure which synonym is right? The best course of action is to look for example sentences that use the word you have chosen. A good dictionary will always give an example as well as the meaning of the word you are looking for. Of course, you can also let the experts check your work for you, too!

Cutural Belief Systems among Societies Formed and Transformed through Essay

Cutural Belief Systems among Societies Formed and Transformed through the New Mass Medium - Essay Example This exposure of vioporn to the media has also been attributed to the increasing cases of criminal sexual behavior such as rape. Feminist organizations, hence, have expressed their concern on the negative effects of vioporn on men’s behavior towards women. As a result issues such as sexism have occurred as a function of violent pornography (vioporn). Violent pornography in the media websites has been widely associated with anti-woman thoughts and acts. Hence the attitude of men towards women is major cultural factor affected by vioporn. Therefore, the effects of people getting exposed to vioporn have remained elusive. According to liberalist views, violent pornography has led to negligible negative effect as well as beneficial effects to the society’s culture. Therefore there is the need to define the extent to which pornography can be violent and beneficial or violent and harmful. According to the conservatives, the negative effect of vioporn on individual cultural val ues as well as social institutions and evidence implying changes is considered significant. Despite the finding of the three groups that is the radical feminist, conservatives and the liberalist, there is lack of reliable findings applicable to the issue. News-based websites have popularized violent behavior in the society whereby vioporn is one of such behavior. The manner in which this topic is treated both in news and entertainment by such websites has often been highly sensitive, irresponsible and totally inaccurate. Some of these websites include Yahoo News, Google News, and MSNCB News among others. These various websites tend to portray vioporn and suggest targeting selected viewers, mostly adults. The websites as well have been flooded with images of females who are usually victims, prey or even targets of the effect of such vioporn. Today the society has been saturated by such news as vioporn to the extent that they are viewed as normal behavior despite the consequences. As a result of such presentations the society has increasingly become used to such views and watching them has become part of leisure time activity. With the increasing technological developments, individuals tend to plug to media websites in order to establish who they are. Thus it is much of what is in the media that determines the individual behavior. Owing to this, the issue of watching vioporn is no doubt what will be an obvious part of human beings’ leisure activity. The media is becoming increasingly influential through its various websites to an extent that it provides the individual’s cultural training ground. Today most of what people practice in their daily chores is acquired from what they view in the mass media. Website Analysis The Business Insider is a website that mainly focuses on news related to business, entertainment, lifestyle, science and technology, sports and local news. The site is a favorite spot for catching on international news especially for those interested in the business and entertainment worlds. In an article written by Nicholas Carlson, the website reveals with considerable seriousness the level to which Yahoo, as a news-based website, hosts hardcore porn while advertising products on the same page. The article entitled Yahoo Hosts Hardcore Porn And Sells Ads Against It –Â  Advertisers React With "Outrage", demonstrates using a picture the kind of media content that yahoo presents besides its news (Carlson par 1).

IP 3 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

IP 3 - Research Paper Example However when the cost is low then the company can comfortably employ the locals. This problem doubles with shortage of skilled manpower to manage managerial and technical positions. There is also the need to assess the local market in the foreign country. The business environment in the foreign countries are at times unfriendly with insecurity, market flooded with similar companies and poor transportation or communication networks. The other major consideration that should be done is in line with the local government, the general public in the foreign country and the policies and laws in the country. When going international, the general organizational structure of the companies has to change to carter for the expansion. Creation of offshore company locations demands for the expansion and formulation of a leadership structure to manage all the departments that are created in the process. When running a company in a foreign country, the management needs to attentively regard the opinion of the company by the local residents. Joseph B. Hunt (2011), some companies succeed by hiring home country nationals resident in the host country and who have extensive experience in that host country. Through this means, the companies ensure that whoever they employ have the best skills and knowledge on how to handle problems and make decisions for the company. It is however notable that due to some of these decisions, the residents of the host country may display some dislikes to the company. Meeting exemplary performance while, at the same time improving the relationship between the company an d the locals may as well prove difficult to the company. Conflicts with the host government policies, rules and regulations may be of great hindrance. In order to address these issues and address the company’s social responsibilities, I would recommend the company to come up with convincing projects and activities that would involve the

Topic of the paper will focus on a criminal case that has been Essay - 1

Topic of the paper will focus on a criminal case that has been adjudicated by the United States Supreme Court and has implications on the criminal justice system - Essay Example The court thus proceeded to assign him one by the name of Kirk McAllister who was a veteran defense lawyer. As the case proceeded, however, Scott Peterson later stated that he would be able to afford a private attorney after all and hired the services of Mark Geragos who had handled other high profile cases similar to his (Crier & Thompson, 2005). The judge appointed to the case later on moved the trial from Modesto, California where the crime had been committed to Redwood City in the year 2004 due an increase in hostility towards the defendant (Scott Peterson). The judge felt that due to this hostility, the judge felt that Scott would not be able to receive a fair trial in Modesto as individuals in that region had already perceived him as guilty and it would have been impossible to get a non bias jury in that area (Beratlis et al, 2007). The hostility was due to the type of coverage that the case received from the media. (Bird, 2005) The news had already portrayed Scott Peterson as an inhumane individual who was accountable for the death of an innocent woman and an unborn child. They covered the story as if the defendant was guilty, and the process of the trial was just a preliminary to the inevitable end result of a guilty verdict. In order to ensure that Scott Peterson would be able to get a fair trial, the judged moved the case to another area away from Modesto, where the residents felt bereaved as they had lost one of their own. It should b noted, however, that the coverage of the country was country wide, and thus it cannot be said how much the move changed matters in terms of the defendants portrayal (Beratlis et al, 2007). The main witness of the prosecution also hired her own attorney who played a big role as a sympathizer to the prosecution as she was not bound by the gag order that prohibited the others who were involved

The Various Aspects of Contract and Tort Law Essay - 11

The Various Aspects of Contract and Tort Law - Essay Example This research will begin with the essential elements for the formation of the contract in the UK and â€Å"invitation to treat†. Some common elements that are included in the formation of contract signify various features incorporated in a contract and its legal clauses. The valid contract that needs to be developed in case of the corporate sector should first focus on the situation for which the contract is being made. Although the basic elements of the contract remain same in most of the cases, the nature and duty of the contract change on the basis of the requirements. Some of the common elements required for formation of a basic contract have been evaluated below. Offer: Offer is the first and one of the two primary elements of a contract. Offer is formed on the basis of a consideration which enables the parties to the contract to develop a proposal. The offer must have clarity regarding the consideration involved and should have a specific timeframe for its acceptance. Th e advertisement of James for selling the printing press for  £50000 is an open offer. The offer for selling office computer Ann was also an offer. Acceptance: Acceptance is the second primary element of a contract and is done in response to the offer. The acceptance is based on the consideration provided by the offeree. The acceptance is also limited by the time frame and should be clearly mentioned. The reply on the part of Jenny in regard to the offer of James shows the acceptance of an offer. However, as Jenny had stated in new terms in her acceptance it can also be treated as a counteroffer. The counteroffer was made when Jenny offered an amount of  £40000 which nullified the previous offer. However, silence on the part of Jenny cannot be considered as acceptance.

State house statue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

State house statue - Essay Example This is evidenced by not only the exposed chest, but also possession of a sword. In most occasions, the exposure of a man’s chest signifies an individual’s strength and boldness. On the other hand, possession of a sword is an indication of military participation of an individual. Thus, Washington played a significant role towards the close of the revolution. Although the congress was entitled to commemorate the first president of America, the statue was not designed in the right way. For instance, the sitting of Washington on a golden like seat portrays a bad picture to religious practices. To some extent, it is an indication of how Americans adore idols. Additionally, a half naked statue portrays a bad picture to the society; according to most societies, it is unethical for any person to expose private body parts. On the other hand, Washington’s possession of a sword is a sign of how he valued wars. From his offering of the sword, it is evident that Washington contributed towards the loss of many lives during his tenure as the president of America. From this, it is evident that the design of the statue does not honor Washington correctly. However, Washington deserves honor for not only being the first president of America, but also because of his contributions towards the success of the American

Examining Your Communitys Source of Energy Essay - 1

Examining Your Communitys Source of Energy - Essay Example Finally, this paper estimates the energy requirement for San Diego households and therefore recommends solar energy as the best feasible renewable energy to the community mainly due to low installation and operation costs and less impact on the environment. Energy is vital lifeblood of the San Diego community since it enhances business operations, used in operating machinery, moves goods and people, makes homes comfortable and powers the infrastructures that underpin the communities. In this regard therefore, the current energy supplies as well as future demand for energy are key issues in the binational region’s future. It is also important to note that the energy choices that are made today will significantly impact on tomorrow’s environment, economy and quality of life of the residents. Policy makers must therefore ensure that energy production, transmission and distribution do not impact on the environment and quality of life of the community living in San Diego. This paper focuses on the major sources of energy that powers San Diego’s community, how they impact on the environment and the alternative sources of energy that may be viable for the community. The major energy sources for the communities within San Diego ca are natural gas contributing to about 50%, coal contributing to 18% and nuclear contribution to approximately 15% of the overall energy supply (United States Power Report, 2014). The rest are large hydro electricity 10% while renewable sources of energy amount to 8% in total (United States Power Report, 2014). The major sectors that lead in energy consumption in San Diego include transportation accounting to over sixty percent followed by household, commercial and industrial sectors. As stated by United States Power Report (2014), this is a reflection of San Diego’s economy where since most residents within the community work in private automobiles with up to two occupants thus are commuters from home to work. Generally,

State house statue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

State house statue - Essay Example This is evidenced by not only the exposed chest, but also possession of a sword. In most occasions, the exposure of a man’s chest signifies an individual’s strength and boldness. On the other hand, possession of a sword is an indication of military participation of an individual. Thus, Washington played a significant role towards the close of the revolution. Although the congress was entitled to commemorate the first president of America, the statue was not designed in the right way. For instance, the sitting of Washington on a golden like seat portrays a bad picture to religious practices. To some extent, it is an indication of how Americans adore idols. Additionally, a half naked statue portrays a bad picture to the society; according to most societies, it is unethical for any person to expose private body parts. On the other hand, Washington’s possession of a sword is a sign of how he valued wars. From his offering of the sword, it is evident that Washington contributed towards the loss of many lives during his tenure as the president of America. From this, it is evident that the design of the statue does not honor Washington correctly. However, Washington deserves honor for not only being the first president of America, but also because of his contributions towards the success of the American

Use of Acupuncture for Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis Essay Example for Free

Use of Acupuncture for Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis Essay Lateral epiconylitis is a commonly encountered condition resulting from minor injury to the extensor muscles of the forearm, which originate from lateral epicondyle of humerus. This condition is characterized by pain and tenderness over the lateral epicondyle of humerus. Pain is typically present upon the resisted dorsiflexion of the wrist, middle finger or both (Buchbinder, Green Struijs, 2007). Lateral epiconylitis is known by many analogous terms like tennis elbow (TE), rowing elbow, tendonitis of the common extensor origin, peritendonitis of the elbow etc. In the United Kingdom, the incidence of tennis elbow in general practice has been estimated to be about four to seven per 1,000 persons a year (Buchbinder et al). Though TE is a self-resolving condition its symptoms can persist for as long as 18-24 months. Pain of tennis elbow can interfere with normal day to day functioning like carrying objects, lifting and gripping things etc. Though pain of TE can be initially cured with various conservative treatment modalities and rest, it can frequently recur after resumption of activity. Thus TE can cause significant amount of chronic pain and disability, which can lead to considerable morbidity and financial cost (Buchinder et al, 2007). Thus there is a need for an efficient treatment modality for TE. Till date, physicians and physiotherapists are uncertain about the exact etiology and best management option for patients with TE. There are several conventional therapies which are being used for treatment of TE. These therapies are believed to relieve pain, promote tissue healing and improve joint mechanics. These conventional therapies include anti-inflammatory medicines [NSAIDS (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and corticosteroids], physiotherapy interventions (such as stretching and strengthening exercises), cast immobilization, ultrasound therapy, using ice packs, neural stretches, deep friction massages, surgery etc (Trinh, Philips, Ho Damsma, 2004). Various non conventional therapeutic modalities like acupuncture, pulsed electromagnetic field therapy, transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation etc have also been used for treatment of TE. In 1992, Labelle et al attempted to perform a quantitative meta-analysis in order to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of above mentioned treatment modalities (both conventional and non-conventional) for patients suffering from TE. They considered the results of 18 clinical trials conducted in the period from 1966 to 1990. From their analysis they concluded that the various randomized and controlled trials, which they had analyzed, were of poor quality and did not provide sufficient scientific evidence to support or oppose the therapeutic benefit of any of these conventional or non-conventional treatment modalities. Labelle et al (1992) did find some weak evidence supporting the beneficial effect of ultrasound therapy in comparison to that of placebo therapy in treatment of patients with TE. More recently, a systematic review of the literature, comprising of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of various treatment options for TE was carried out by Assendelft, Green, Buchbinder, Struijs, Smidt, (2003). They have suggested significant beneficial effect of NSAIDS (both topical and oral) in comparison to placebo in the providing short term relief from pain in patients with TE. However they found little evidence regarding the beneficial effect of NSAIDS (both topical and oral) in providing long term pain relief. While the use of topical NSAIDS was not found to be associated with significant side effects, use of oral NSAIDS, typically aspirin was associated with significant side effects like gastro-intestinal bleeding etc. This review found limited evidence regarding the beneficial effects of steroid injections in comparison to placebo, local anaesthetic agents, elbow strapping or physiotherapy. Assendelft et al also found insufficient evidence to support long term or short term beneficial effect of treatment modalities like acupuncture, physiotherapy exercises, orthoses (elbow strapping), extra corporeal shock wave therapy and surgery. They have recommended long term use of oral and topical NSAIDS and physical therapies (elbow strapping, physiotherapy, etc and avoidance of provoking activities as the first line of treatment, especially in the early stages of the disease.   They have also suggested the use of corticosteroid injections as second line therapy for providing relief from pain. However the pain relief provided by corticosteroids is usually temporary in nature with the pain recurring again after a few months. Thus they have suggested that the patients receiving such therapy should be counselled about not subjecting the extensor muscles to increased activity during the pain-free period resulting from use of corticosteroid injections. On the other hand, Bisset, Paungmali, Vicenzino, Beller,   Herbert, (2005) from their systematic review of literature, comprising of studies evaluating   the effectiveness of   various physical interventions (non pharmaceutical or   non-surgical therapeutic modalities) for treatment of TE have shown short term benefit   with the use of physical interventions like ultrasound therapy, ionisation, and acupuncture. However no evidence of long term benefit due to these therapeutic modalities was observed in this review; benefit due to these interventions was usually seen to last between two to eight weeks. Bisset et al observed insufficient evidence regarding the beneficial effect of manual therapy (involving manipulation of elbow or cervical spine), use of elbow strapping and physiotherapy exercises in the management of TE. They also observed the presence of sufficient evidence that disapproved the beneficial effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy and laser therapy in the treatment of TE (both in short term and long term). However they have indicated the requirement of larger studies in future in order to confirm this finding. Since no clinical study till date has been able to demonstrate definite clinical efficacy of any conventional therapeutic modality in treatment of TE, there has been increasing trend towards the use of non-pharmacological treatment modalities, especially acupuncture, since last two decades, for alleviation of chronic pain due to TE. One major advantage of using acupuncture for treating   pain of TE over the conventional anti-inflammatory drugs like NSAIDS (oral or topical), corticosteroids etc is that it is free from the numerous deleterious   side effects commonly associated with the use of these drugs. Also the evidence supporting the use of these conventional pharmacological interventions is no better than that supporting acupuncture [National Institute of Health (NIH), 1998]. Despite the growing popularity of acupuncture in treatment of pain related to lateral epicondylitis, presently, there is little evidence which confirms the efficacy of acupuncture in treatment of tennis elbow. The studies conducted until now have produced conflicting results. Bisset et al (2005), in their systematic review of literature considered four studies evaluating the therapeutic effect of acupuncture in treatment of TE. Three studies out of these four compared acupuncture with placebo whereas one study compared acupuncture with ultrasound. The overall evidence considered in this review supports short term beneficial therapeutic effect of acupuncture over placebo in patients with TE. Two studies, (Fink, Wolkenstein, Karst, Gehrke, 2002; Molsberger Hille, 1994) which compared acupuncture with placebo are described below in details. Fink et al (2002) conducted a study to evaluate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture in   treatment of TE. They also tried to compare the therapeutic effects produced by stimulating selected acupuncture points (as defined by traditional Chinese acupuncture) in contrast to those achieved through stimulation at non-specific points (these puncture points were at least 5 cm away from the traditional Chinese acupuncture points). The results of this study indicated that use of acupuncture with correct location and stimulation, in accordance to the recommendations of tradition Chinese acupuncture helped in significantly alleviating the pain, reducing disability of arms, shoulders and hands (measured through DASH questionnaire) and improving the strength of the extensor muscles in the patients suffering from TE. However these therapeutic effects (pain relief and muscle strength) of acupuncture were less evident in long term. In this study, at the time of follow-up after two months, though the overall functioning of the arm was observed to be better in the treatment group as compared to the control group, the differences in pain intensity and muscle strength were no longer found to be significant. The main aim of the study by Molsberger Hille (1994) was to find out whether acupuncture showed an intrinsic analgesic effect even after only one treatment session in comparison to that of placebo treatment for TE pain. In one single session of acupuncture treatment, patients in the treatment group were treated at a non-segmental distal point on the fibulo-tibial joint of the homolateral leg. The painful area of the elbow itself was not needled. The depth of insertion was 2 cm and during the procedure of needling, the patient was asked to move the painful arm. Patients were treated for a total of 5 min. Overall reduction in the pain score was 55.8% in the treatment group and 15% in the placebo group. After one treatment session, 79.2% (19 patients out of 24) patients in the treatment group reported pain relief of at least 50%, whereas in the placebo group only 25% patients (6 patients out of 24) reported pain relief. The average duration of analgesia after one treatment was 20.2 h in the treatment group whereas that after placebo was 1.4 h. All these results show that acupuncture has a statistically significant intrinsic analgesic effect in the clinical treatment of TE pain, which exceeds that of placebo treatment.   Since this study dealt with short term analgesic effects of acupuncture, further studies need to be carried out in future in order to evaluate the long-term therapeutic value of acupuncture for treatment chronic tennis elbow. Davidson et al (2001, cited in Bisset et al, 2005) conducted a study to compare the   therapeutic effect of acupuncture with that of ultrasound treatment in patients suffering from TE. Though significant improvement in two outcome measures i.e. pain reduction and disability prevention were observed in both the groups, no statistically significant differences in terms of these outcome measures were observed between the two groups. Thus this study indicates that there is no difference in therapeutic benefit between ultrasound and acupuncture in patients with TE. However it is difficult to reach to any definite conclusion from the results of a single study. More studies are required in future in order to arrive at a definite conclusion. In a publication by the NIH in 1998, it was determined that the results of various studies conducted till date has been promising enough to support the use of acupuncture as an adjunct treatment or an alternative to classical conventional therapeutic modalities for patients with TE. Trinh, et al (2004) conducted a systematic review of literature regarding use of acupuncture in treatment of TE, using the best evidence synthesis approach (BESA), which aimed at qualitative analysis of clinically homogeneous studies. The results of this review strongly suggested that acupuncture was an effective therapeutic modality for attaining short-term pain relief in patients with TE. Though there was a great deal of clinical heterogeneity between various studies considered in this review, five studies out of six studies considered in this review indicated that acupuncture treatment was more effective compared to placebo treatment. The studies conducted till date have failed to provide us with definite results. This can   be attributed to a variety of factors like: flaws in study design, heterogeneous treatment protocols, small sample size, inherent difficulty in the use of appropriate controls etc (NIH publication, 1998). Selection of method for performing the procedure in control group for these studies poses to be a difficult problem. Method of performing the   procedure in control group is important because the insertion of placebo needles itself results in inherent analgesic effect due to release of local ?-endorphins (opioid like substances), which can influence the outcome of the study too (NIH publication, 1998). Future research is recommended to resolve the issues discussed above. Thus there is a need for large scale, well-designed, multicentric, randomized control trials in future that will use standardized treatment protocol and appropriate methods for performing the procedure in controls. It is evident from the above discussion that various studies which aimed at assessing the   efficacy of acupuncture in treatment of TE had employed different processes for performing acupuncture, in terms of location of puncture points, depth of insertion of needles, the number of needles used, duration of treatment etc. In order to arrive at a definite conclusion regarding the efficacy of acupuncture in treatment of patients with TE and in order to maximize the chances for a successful treatment with acupuncture, there is a need for a uniform, accurate and complete description of the most effective method to be used for performing acupuncture in patients with TE. With this in mind, Webster-Harrison, White Rae (2002) conducted a study in order to develop a standardized treatment protocol for acupuncture therapy in patients with TE. They adopted a modified Delphi’s consensus technique to combine the opinions of fourteen British acupuncture experts into a standardized treatment protocol. This protocol contained eight items pertaining to the treatment of TE using acupuncture and has been described in table 1. The various items considered in this protocol were: selection of acupuncture points; length and diameter of needles used; depth of insertion; duration of treatment; interval between successive treatments; whether the needle should be stimulated or not; the type of response to be achieved upon stimulation and number of treatment cycles needed. Use of this protocol in randomized multicentric trials conducted in future is likely to give accurate results (Webster-Harrison et al). Conclusion From the discussion in this paper it becomes apparent that till date no study in published   literature has been able to demonstrate long term beneficial effects of any pharmacological, surgical or physical therapy in comparison to that of a placebo therapy for treatment of patients with TE. Among various non-pharmacological therapeutic options, acupuncture presents an effective and safe adjunct treatment or an alternative to classical conventional therapeutic modalities, especially in cases where these conventional therapeutic modalities had previously failed (NIH, 1998). Presently, the optimal treatment option for patients with tennis elbow in clinical care largely remains unclear. Acupuncture appears to be a lucrative treatment option for both clinicians and patients. However, the therapeutic benefits provided by use of acupuncture are not supported by sufficient evidence, at present. There is a need for well designed, high quality research studies, especially randomized control trials in future, in order to help in establishing the appropriate place for acupuncture in treatment of patients with TE in modern medical practice. References Assendelft, W., Green, S., Buchbinder, R., Struijs, P., Smidt, N. (2003). Extracts from concise   clinical evidence: Tennis elbow. British Medical Journal, 327, 329-340. Bisset, L., Paungmali, A., Vicenzino, B., Belle, E., Herbert, R.D. (2005). A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials on physical interventions for lateral epicondylalgia. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(7), 411 422. Buchinder, R., Green, S., Struijs, P. (2007). Tennis elbow. American Family Physician, 75 (5),   701-702. Retrieved on 30 June 2007 from http://www.aafp.org/afp/20070301/bmj.html Fink, M., Wolkenstein, E., Karst, M., Gehrke, A. (2002). Acupuncture in chronic   epicondylitis: A randomized controlled trial. Rheumatology, 41(2), 205 209. Labelle, H., Guibert, R, Joncas, J., Newman, N., Fallaha, M., Rivard, C. (1992). Lack of scientific evidence for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis of the elbow: An attempted meta-analysis. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 74, 646–51. Molsberger, A., Hille, E. (1994). The analgesic effect of acupuncture in chronic tennis elbow   pain.   British Journal of Rheumatology, 33(12), 1162-1165 National Institute of Health (1998). NIH consensus conference: Acupuncture. Journal of   American Medical Association, 280, 1518–24. Trinh, K.V., Philips, S.D., Ho, E., Damsma, K. (2004). Acupuncture for alleviation of lateral   epicondyle pain: A systematic review.   Rheumatology, 43, 1085–1090. Webster-Harrison, P., White, A., Rae, J. (2002).Acupuncture for tennis elbow: An e-mail   consensus study to define a standardised treatment in a GP’s surgery. Acupuncture in Medicine, 20(4), 181-5.

Business Ethics Role of the Board

Business Ethics Role of the Board The Role of the Board The directors are individuals who represent the interest of the shareholders in the overall running of the company. Once the shareholders money is taken, the directors receive high level information relating to the running of the company at board meetings which occur periodically-at this meeting, the CEO reports to the board indicating what the status us. Directors are appointed on a number of platforms. The board approve stock grants, they might approve/disapprove acquisitions etc.-high end decisions relating to strategic direction rather than operational matters. Some are independent subject matter experts bought in to advise. It is the CEOs decision how this is acted upon. Holstein (2006) described an event at a Tiffany board meeting during which a special interest group had been instigated with a view to examination of conflict diamonds. The findings were brought to the board meeting and the CEO instantly took action ceasing all transactions concerning conflict diamonds in order to prevent an ethical debate that could ultimately affect sales of a firm wiling to deal in such a commodity. If the board disapprove of actions, the board has one key ability namely the removal of the CEO. On this basis it is often prudent to follow the advice of the board. The board can be an asset in that they can support the CEO and assist in the running and strategic direction however conversely they can equally make poor decisions and therefore be a hindrance to the company and lead to its destruction. In order to form and manage a board of directors, there are a number of protocols/recommendations designed to increase the rate of success. Allio (2004) wrote that root cause analysis of corporate oversight is commonly attributed to a lack of attention to the methods by which the board is intended to deal with its responsibilities. Forming and managing a board of directors requires consideration -one thing that people need to be aware of is when seeking venture capital and doing due diligence on the plan and individuals, Due diligence should be done on the venture capitalist as a prospective board member. Kelly and Gennard (1996) discussed the merits of appointing personnel directors as members of board of directors highlighting a number of firms in which this was found to be beneficial in shaping the formation and implementation of business strategy. Cantor (2003) wrote describing how contemporary directors are frequently chosen for such skills as judgement, leadership and business integrity however more significantly is not how to act as opposed to when to act and this can only be gained with a comprehensive understanding of the risks of the company. Cantor stressed that a more suitable process regarding the selection involved questioning relative to the extant risks, whether there was a knowledge gap in the existing board membership and if the candidate could plug that knowledge gap. This was echoed by Hutcheson (2002) who wrote that a board of directors can be an asset if shareholders are clear as to the purpose of the board explaining that board membership should be designed to fill the knowledge and skills gaps in the extant management. Ideally, board member selection must be objective, honest and isolated from the CEO on non-business and financial platforms, facilitating transparency. Davies et al, (2002) described board debates focussing on their presumed responsibilities highlighting that there appeared to be little forethought as to the importance and significance of the contents of these responsibilities. This suggested that boards tended to have a passive stance in which decisions were pushed through by dominant CEOs or managers and that the existence of the board was merely lip-service rather than a pro-active asset. Furthermore, boards needed to develop greater leadership and decision-making skills. Heffes (2009) wrote that boards should cease the opportunity to scrutinise the business plan of the company for the following year, and additionally called for greater more effective communication in order to relay their findings on the current state of the business and optimum strategic direction and its repercussions on the status quo. Consideration needed to be given as to what needs to be relayed to all stakeholders. References: Allio, R., (2004), Whats the boards role in strategy development?: Why you need to redesign your board of directors an interview with Jay Lorsch. Strategy Leadership; Chicago32.5 (2004): 34-37. Cantor, P., (2003). Getting the board of directors on board.ÂÂ   Ivey Business Journal Online; London (Jan/Feb 2003): 1. Davies, A., Joyce, P., Beaver, G., Woods, A., (2002).ÂÂ   Leadership boards of directors. Strategic Change; Chichester11.4(Jun/Jul 2002): 225. Heffes, E. (2009). Boards of directors: directors roles in assessing strategy. Financial Executive; Morristown25.2 (Mar 2009): 10. Holstein, W., (2006). CEOs Under Fire. Chief Executive; New York 215 (Jan/Feb 2006): 50-52. Hutcheson, J., (2002). Board Silly: A bad board of directors can be worse than no board at all. Heres how to make sure your small-business clients get the help they need. Financial Planning; New York (Apr 1, 2002): 81-82. Kelly, J., Gennard, J. (1996). The role of personnel directors on the board of directors. Personnel Review; Farnborough25.1 (1996): 7-24.

The American Civil War Essay -- History USA Historic Essays

The American Civil War Works Cited Not Included Horrific! The American Civil War, also known as the War Between States and the War Of Secession, was an extremely gruesome and bloody war (World Book 614). The war, which started on April 12, 1861, when the southern troops fired on Fort Sumter, and ended 4 years later, took more American lives than any other war in history (614). This war was between a divided union in whish the southern states were trying to preserve slavery while the northern states were dedicated to a more modern way of life and were trying to end slavery (614). This war was fought in the minds of great men like Abraham Lincoln and Robert E. Lee and the end of the war was the beginning of a slavery free nation. The American Civil War was a horrible event in the history of the world which started from three main causes: slavery, disputes over states' rights, and because of the division which existed between the South and the North. April 12, 181 was a day that would forever live in the history of the United States. On this day, the Southern troops of the Confederate States fired the first shots of the American Civil War on Fort Sumter in Charleston, S.C. (World Book 614). Before this day, Americans had an abiding faith in the politics and the democratic ideals on which this new country was based. Andrew Jackson described Americans as ?guardians of freedom for the human race.? James K. Polk spoke of the American government as ?This most admirable and wisest system ever devised. Americans, north and south, regarded these statements as true. American politics was a fiercely partisan affair at first. It was all for the good of the new nation. At the close of the 1850?s, citizens wondered if their... ...uence over government policy (World Book, 634). The Northern ideals, however, helped to develop the modern United States as an industrial power (World Book, 634). Slavery was officially abolished after the Civil War in the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution (World Book, 634). The results were lasting, some severe and big, while some were small and unnoticeable. The American Civil War was a horrible event in the history of the world which started from three main causes: slavery, the dispute over state?s rights, and a division between the North and South. The war ended because of the dedication and warfare tactics of many heroes and enemies. The Civil War started on April 12, 1861 and ended four years later (World Book, 614). In the end, more Americans died than in any other war in history. But in the end good once again triumphed over evil!

Internal And External Economies Of Scale :: Economics

Internal And External Economies Of Scale When a company reduces costs and increases production, internal economies of scale have been achieved. External economies of scale occur outside of a firm, within an industry. Thus, when an industry's scope of operations expand due to for example the creation of a better transportation network, resulting in a subsequent decrease in cost for a company working within that industry, external economies of scale are said to have been achieved. With external ES, all firms within the industry will benefit. Economies Of Scale In addition to specialization and the division of labor, within any company there are various inputs that may result in the production of a good and/or service: * Lower input costs: when a company buys inputs in bulk, say for example potatoes used to make French fries at a fast food chain; it can take advantage of volume discounts. (In turn, the farmer from which sold the potatoes could also be achieving ES if the farm has lowered its average input costs through, for example, buying fertilizer in bulk at a volume discount). * Costly inputs: some inputs, such as research and development, advertising, managerial expertise and skilled labor are expensive, but because of the possibility of increased efficiency with such inputs, can lead to a decrease in the average cost of production and selling. If a company is able to spread the cost of such inputs over an increase in its production units, ES can be realized. Thus, if the fast food chain chooses to spend more money on technology to eventually increase efficiency by lowering the average cost of hamburger assembly, it would also have to increase the number of hamburgers it produces a year in order to cover the increased technology expenditure. * Specialized inputs: as the scale of production of a company increases, a company can employ the use of specialized labor and machinery resulting in greater efficiency. This is because workers would be better qualified for a specific job, for example someone who only makes French fries, and would no longer be spending extra time learning to do work not within their specialization (making hamburgers or taking a customer's order). Machinery, such as a dedicated French fry maker, would also have a longer life as it would not have to be over and/or improperly used. * Techniques and Organizational inputs: with a larger scale of production, a company may also apply better organizational skills to its resources, such as a clear-cut chain of command, while improving its techniques for production and distribution. Thus, behind the counter employees at the fast food chain may be organized according to those taking in-house orders and those Internal And External Economies Of Scale :: Economics Internal And External Economies Of Scale When a company reduces costs and increases production, internal economies of scale have been achieved. External economies of scale occur outside of a firm, within an industry. Thus, when an industry's scope of operations expand due to for example the creation of a better transportation network, resulting in a subsequent decrease in cost for a company working within that industry, external economies of scale are said to have been achieved. With external ES, all firms within the industry will benefit. Economies Of Scale In addition to specialization and the division of labor, within any company there are various inputs that may result in the production of a good and/or service: * Lower input costs: when a company buys inputs in bulk, say for example potatoes used to make French fries at a fast food chain; it can take advantage of volume discounts. (In turn, the farmer from which sold the potatoes could also be achieving ES if the farm has lowered its average input costs through, for example, buying fertilizer in bulk at a volume discount). * Costly inputs: some inputs, such as research and development, advertising, managerial expertise and skilled labor are expensive, but because of the possibility of increased efficiency with such inputs, can lead to a decrease in the average cost of production and selling. If a company is able to spread the cost of such inputs over an increase in its production units, ES can be realized. Thus, if the fast food chain chooses to spend more money on technology to eventually increase efficiency by lowering the average cost of hamburger assembly, it would also have to increase the number of hamburgers it produces a year in order to cover the increased technology expenditure. * Specialized inputs: as the scale of production of a company increases, a company can employ the use of specialized labor and machinery resulting in greater efficiency. This is because workers would be better qualified for a specific job, for example someone who only makes French fries, and would no longer be spending extra time learning to do work not within their specialization (making hamburgers or taking a customer's order). Machinery, such as a dedicated French fry maker, would also have a longer life as it would not have to be over and/or improperly used. * Techniques and Organizational inputs: with a larger scale of production, a company may also apply better organizational skills to its resources, such as a clear-cut chain of command, while improving its techniques for production and distribution. Thus, behind the counter employees at the fast food chain may be organized according to those taking in-house orders and those

How you can enjoy your vacation on your budget Essay

From time to time people like to take vacation and enjoy their time in quiet and peaceful places. Then they start to plan to their vacation by choosing the season, place and collecting the information about it. In addition, to the cost of that vacation, the budget is a very important issue to decide the possible destination. Every one looks to the dream vacation but we have to adapt it to our budget. The people with a low budget have limited choices or ability to enjoy their vacation in their countries. On the other hand the people with a high budget can visit variety of places. The vacation will be affected directly by type of budget: low budget, medium budget, and high budget. The first group includes those who have low budgets and would like to spend their vacation in Amazing places but they face the fact that their budget does not allow them to go there. Nevertheless, they can enjoy in their time even they have a low budget. The people who live in Toronto with a low budget cannot travel to Mexico, or even some states in the US, but they can enjoy a lot of places in Ontario, other provinces, visit new places in Canada and match their activities to their budget like camping, fishing or any other activities. Also we can spend our days cheaply. Walk around a lot, and visit free or cheap attractions. Use shuttle buses or other cheap public transport. We can learn a lot about a place without spending a lot of money. The next group, those who have a medium budget can go little bit further like US and South America. We have to look at all details, like the airfare and hotel accommodations and choose the best options that you can take that would still allow you to get to your destination. We can research for good accommodation deals online and get lists of all the hostels, motels, and hotels in the place that we have selected to visit. We have to remember that the accommodations do not necessarily need to be expensive as we are just looking for a place to sleep and save money to spend on our self like restaurants, attractions, and all other things. Medium budget give us more choices and variety to enjoy in our vacation. The last group includes those who have high budgets which can travel a long distance and have the ability to visit different cities or  countries and spend a lot of money. They can enjoy a trip in a grand and elegant way by spending quite a handsome amount of money to rest in a great hotel, to have an exclusive meal and to enjoy top- class service. Some people like to have luxury and visit some countries like France and Italy and enjoy in all luxury services. They can stay in a five star hotel like Hotel De Crillon in Paris. In addition, they visit the most famous places like the Louvre museum and the Eiffel tower. The vacation with a high budget gives you the ability to do a wide variety of things. To concludes we have to enjoy in our vacation by planning the target place which will match Our budget. We spend our vacation in our country like Canada, travel little bit further like United States and South America, or travel to long distance places like Italy and France. We have to plan Very well and enjoy our time without thinking about luxury places if we are not able to visit that place. There is no reason to prevent us from having fun in our vacation whatever our budget is, low, medium, or high.

“In the Land of the Free” by Sui Sin Far Essay

In the story â€Å"In the Land of the Free†, Sui Sin Far describes the sadness and melancholy of a young mother, Lea Choo, when she had to be separated from her son when they entered the U.S because her son did not have a necessary certificate entitling him to admission to this country. This story traced back to the time after 1870 when a huge number of immigrants from China arrived in the U.S. The U.S government, terrified by an allegedly economic depression and misperception causing by immigrants, enacted many racially discriminated laws to limit their employment and immigration. Especially, in 1882, the government passed the federal Exclusion Act which required Chinese immigrants to be routinely detained for questioning. The examination process took a long time and divided many family members. Lea Choo was a directly miserable victim of this unfair law. Her son was took away from her arms and was prohibited to reunite with Choo until she and her husband, Hom Hing, supplied enough identification paper to the government to prove that this baby was their son. Because this process took a long time, Lea Choo sank in her misery and hopeless. Hom Hing was a merchant doing business in San Francisco. Like many other Chinese immigrants, he struggled to come to the U.S. hoping he could find have a better life and prosperity. Unfortunately, his wife, Lea Choo could not come with him because she had to stay to take care of Hing’s sick parents. After they died, Choo took a long journey to America to reunite with her husband. She always dreamed of the U.S as a wonderland. However, when she first stepped in this marvelous country, she knew that all her dreams were broken. Her son could not come in with her. She almost lived in depression and solitude for over ten months before reuniting with her son. Ironically, her son could not recognize her and run away from her. She lost everything in this dreamland. Her tragedy dramatizes the theme that people’s illusive dream about a wonderful land can cause them sadder and more weepy when they encounter real troubles in this new homeland. Before she came to the U.S., she always dreamed of â€Å"a green tree with spreading branches and one beautiful red flower flowing thereon†. (Page 176)  Lea Choo fantasized the U.S as a vividly luminous image of a rich and blossom country, where she and her husband could have a better life and prosperity, a land full of milk and honey. This wonderland was covered with everlastingly sea green trees. They would have many opportunities to succeed and become rich. This land had many resources like tree with many branched and Lea Choo hoped that by their efforts and sweat, they could enjoy many prosperous achievements like the† beautiful red flower flowing thereon† blooming on that tree. Overall, she believed that the U.S gave her a chance to savor a marvelous and joyful life, absolutely better than her past. When she saw her dreamland, she still confirmed her imaginary impression of the U.S. She happily told her son â€Å"There is where thy (your) father is making a fortune for thee (you)† (page 174). She always strengthened her belief that this land giving hope for the immigrants. She imagined she would have a comfortable and bright life here. She hoped that the day she came here was the beginning of her exultant period. By taking her son to the dreamland, she hoped he would have success and prosperity too. â€Å"It is very happy and thou wilt be happy there†,† Twas (it was) for thee I left him†. She was ready to pay any price for her son. All her hope and bless, she passed to him. However, when his son was taken from her, she stopped dreaming of this land with a tree full of branches and a red flower. Instead, she wept and nagged her husband to bring his child back. She realized that her dream of a wonderland was unrealistic and unworkable. She merely had a desire to meet her child again. â€Å"Even in the darkness, his darkling eyes used to shine up to mine.† She became angry with the unfair law that separated her and the child.† There cannot be any law that would keep a child from his mother.† She regularly hoped to come to the U.S. Now, she knew that immoral and unemotional laws of this land brought the depression and sober to her. She saw her dream was broken into pieces. Ironically,†In the Land of Hope† symbolizes that when people enter this dreamland, the U.S., they see all their hopes about a beautiful land are destroyed.

Questions Essay

1. What political offices were black men elected to – and not elected to –during Reconstruction? federal office,state office and local office 2. What issues most concerned black political leaders during Reconstruction? 3.Why were so many white southerners so opposed to black and white Republications exercising political power? 4. Were black political leaders unqualified to hold office so soon after the end of slavery? 5. What did black political leaders accomplish and fail to accomplish during Reconstruction? What contributed to their successes and failures? 6. Why was the Ku Klux Klan founded, and how effective was it? It was established by anti modernists. They believed that things were better in â€Å"the good old days† before the Civil War, and not only in regard to Blacks; they also felt that a woman’s place was in the home.The Klan was effective in systematically keeping black men away from the polls, so that the ex Confederate gained political control in many states. 7. What was the Fifteenth Amendment enacted? The 15th Amendment to the Constitution granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that the â€Å"right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude 8. How and why did black and white Republicans lose control of every southern state by 1877? The old conservative democrats regained the state governments. Also, blacks, who back then unanimously voted Republican, were beginning to be disenfranchised. 9. Why did the Republican Party fail to maintain control of southern state governments during Reconstruction? 10. How and why did Reconstruction end? Reconstruction ended because of the compromise of 1877. It was an unwritten agreement that stated Hayes would win the presidency, if he were to remove troops from southern states(political).Reconstruction also failed because many people in the south did not want to accept a life different from what they were used to soical. 11. How effective was Reconstruction in assisting black people to move from slavery to freedom? How effective was it in restoring southern states to the Union?

Rhetorical Analysis of The Wire Season 4, Episode 1, 2, 3 Essay

Rhetorical Analysis of The Wire Season 4, Episode 1, 2, 3 - Essay Example The aim of creating this atmosphere will be examined further in this essay. The authors to a greater extent manage to convince the audience on the authenticity of their story which they to a greater extent manage to convey in a gripping and very realistic looking film. The way they employ their styles and stick to the same repeated way of telling the story lends an air of reality to the plot. The story is delivered in a documentary like fashion and this really goes a long way in giving it the ‘real’ feel. The audience will as a consequence tend to feel more at home with the film as it seems to speak to their inner self and seams to take place in the audiences familiar settings. In The wire season four episode number two, we find that both the language and the visuals work simultaneously to help bring out the intended messages very effectively. For instance we find the language used by the characters tend to authenticate their specific roles in the scene; in the scene whe re snoop buys a nail gun, the dialogue between snoop and the hardware attendant brings out the stark difference in the worlds that the two move and live in; for snoop the street slang drawn out talk she employs, brings out the street authenticity the author intended and the correct clipped language of the attendant helps in bringing out the contrast and difference between the two characters. In this episode, the authors are trying to convey several messages and they go about this by using filmic techniques that are meant to enhance the audiences’ easier understanding of the messages both inert and overt. The episode starts off with starts off with political power play with Mayor Royce being caught in a compromising situation by Herc a member of his security detail and as such both are considering what action to take to benefit their respective careers. The main message that comes out from this scene is the politics of contemporary Baltimore and the way the filmic techniques a re intertwined with the characters portrayal gives a wonderful end product where the audience feels that they are being let into the practices and lives of the high and mighty in Baltimore politics. In this scene, especially in the conversation scenes, the camera does not switch to the character speaking until that character has already commenced talking. This creates a feeling as though the cameraman didn’t know beforehand who is going to speak and when they will speak. The camera often seams to "sneaks up" on a scene as it is taking place. This creates the impression that we are eavesdropping on what is actually happening. This happens in the scene where the Mayor is caught having oral sex from his secretary and it enhances the viewers feeling that the two were caught unawares. The authors intended message from this was to portray through the techniques applied (especially the â€Å"sneaking up† on the mayor and his secretary) and the dialogue; the unalienable heady combination of power politics and sex with a degree of the powerlessness of some characters like the officer Herc. In the episode, the 4:3 aspect ratio chosen creates a feeling that the scenes are less inherently cinematic, which creates a more "real" scenario. It is very effective as it creates the impression that the scene is not actually a movie set bit rather it feels real. In the real like scenario

The Greatness of Sharia Laws in Comparison to Others Essay

The Greatness of Sharia Laws in Comparison to Others - Essay Example In this sense, the word is closely associated with fi?h which signifies academic discussion of divine law.† The moral concept of Sharia laws is based on the premise that the rights of God’s creation cannot be violated. Human rights, if violated, must be compensated by laws. The greatness of Sharia lies in the fact that it is based on a well-defined concept of human rights. Violation of the rights of God (Haq-al-Allah) may be forgiven. But violation of human right cannot be forgiven until it is forgiven by the one whose rights have been violated. There is another greatness of this law that everyone, either rich or poor, is subjected to this law equally, as the Quran says, â€Å"You who believe! stand out firmly for justice, as witnesses to Allah, even as against yourselves, or your parents, or your kin, and whether it be (against) rich or poor† (An-Nisa, verse 135). This moral basis of Sharia evolves from the view that everyone is equal in the eye of God. Sharia de als almost all aspects such as religiosity, sexuality, diet, prayer, hygiene, crime, economics, politics and innumerous others, of a man’s, particularly a Muslim’s, personal and communal life. ... But man-made laws cannot do this. When the legal system of a western country sentences a murderer to death, such legal system does not advocate for any code of manner which can keep a man away from crimes like murder. Again Sharia is free of many contradictions that other man-made laws hold in their hearts. One of such contradiction is: when the European countries do not permit death penalty, death penalty is permissible in the United States. Again there are a number of countries that assign their presidents with the power to indemnify a criminal who has already been convicted in the court. When the sole intention of law is to protect people’s right, such presidential power, in the very first place, can easily violates human rights. Also this dual application of law appears to be not only self-contradictory but also discriminative. Sharia does not permit such discrimination in the application of law. Prophet Muhammad’s rule, in the Islamic State of Medina, was free of s uch discrimination. Once, a woman, a close relative of Muhammad, was convicted of the guilt of theft and she was punished according to Sharia. Referring to indiscriminative approach of Sharia, the prophet says, â€Å"The people before you were destroyed because they used to inflict the legal punishments on the poor and forgive the rich. By Him in Whose Hand my soul is! If Fatima (the daughter of the Prophet) did that (i.e. stole), I would cut off her hand.† (Bukhari Vol 8, Book 81, Number 778) Again Caliph Omar, a prominent ruler of Arab during the early 8th century, himself punished his son Abu Sammah to death for accosting –probably raping- a Jewish woman. (Kadri, 2011:89) The difference between Sharia and other laws is that when other laws offer only punishment, Sharia provides